Hazardous waste refers to any material that poses a threat to human health or the environment due to its toxic, reactive, corrosive, flammable, or infectious properties. This type of waste can come from various sources, including industrial processes, agriculture, healthcare facilities, and household products. Proper management of hazardous waste is crucial to prevent contamination of air, water, and soil, as well as to protect human health and wildlife. Research in this area focuses on developing ways to minimize the generation of hazardous waste, improve waste treatment and disposal methods, and ensure compliance with regulations and guidelines to prevent environmental damage and potential health risks.